Rasio Keuangan

Rasio keuangan adalah rasio-rasio yang digunakan untuk menilai kinerja sebuah perusahaan. Rasio keuangan terbagi dalam 5 kategori:

1. Rasio Likuiditas
2. Rasio Solvabilitas
3. Rasio Aktivitas
4. Rasio Profitabilitas
5. Rasio Nilai Pasar

Rasio Likuiditas mengukur kondisi perusahaan dari sisi kemampuan likuiditas. Rasio ini terdiri atas:

1. Current ratio = Current Assets : Current Liabilities
2. Quick ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory) : Current Liabilities
3. Cash ratio = Cash and Cash Equivalent : Current Liabilities
4. No Credit Interval = (Current Assets - Current Liabilities) : Daily Operating Cost 

Daily Operating Cost = Sales - (Earning Before Taxes) + Depreciation) : Number of Days in the Year

Rasio Solvabilitas mengukur kondisi perusahaan dari kemampuan perusahaan memenuhi kewajibannya. Rasio ini terdiri atas:

1. Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities : Total Assets
2. Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities : Total Equity
3. Times Interest Earned Ratio = Earning Before Interest and Taxes : Interest Expense
4. EBITDA Coverage = [Earning Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization + Lease payments (in cash)] : (Interest Expense + Lease Payments + Principal Payments)

Rasio Aktivitas mengukur kondisi perusahaan dari aktivitas dagang perusahaan. Rasio ini terdiri atas:

1. Total Assets Turnover = Sales : Total Assets
2. Working Capital Turnover = Sales : (Current Assets - Current Liabilities)
3. Fixed Assets Turnover = Sales : Fixed Assets
4. Inventory Turnover Ratio = Sales : Inventory
5. Days Sales of Inventory = (Inventory : Cost of Goods Sold) * Number of Days in the Year
6. Days Sales Outstanding = Receivables : Average Daily Sales

 Rasio Profitablitas mengukur kondisi perusahaan dari kemampuannya menghasilkan keuntungan. Rasio ini terdiri atas:

1. Gross Profit Margin = (Gross Profit : Sales) * 100%
2. Profit Margin on Sales = (Net Income : Sales) * 100%
3. Basic Earning Power = (Earning Before Interest and Taxes : Total Asset) * 100%
4. Operating Profit Margin = (Earning Before Interest and Taxes : Sales) * 100%
5. Return on Assets = (Net Income : Total Asset) * 100%
6. Earnings per Share = (Net Income – Preferred Dividends) : Number of Common Shares Oustanding
7. Return to Common Equity = (Net Income : Common Equity) * 100%

Rasio Nilai Pasar mengukur kondisi perusahaan dari harga saham perusahaan di bursa saham. Rasio ini terdiri atas:

1. Price per Cash Flow Ratio = Price per Share : Cash Flow per Share
2. Book Value of Equity per Share = Common Equity : Number of Shares Outstanding
3. Market per Book Value Ratio = Market Value per Share : Book Value of Equity per Share
4. Price Earning Ratio = Market Price per Share : Earnings per Share